![]() ![]() It exposed the raw residue of Yankee guilt, black anger, and Irish immigrant antipathy-the churning clash of cultures that defines America. Death threats and mutual resentment followed the black children into the school hallways and classrooms that first day, and for incendiary months to come.Ĭourt-ordered busing that was meant to reverse stubborn de facto school segregation nearly ripped apart the social fabric of that historic city. White “Townies” from Charlestown had scrawled “Kill Niggers” on apartment walls and set fire to straw effigies with black garbage-bag heads. ![]() ![]() In the fall of 1974, black schoolchildren from Boston’s Roxbury neighborhood climbed into school buses bound for South Boston, the heart of the “riff-raff” Irish working classes. The American dilemma Residents of Boston’s Charlestown neighborhood react to forced busing in 1975. ![]()
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